A case with essential thrombocytosis receiving mechanical mitral prosthesis at Türkiye Yüksek İhtisas Hospital Cardiovascular Surgery Department is presented. A 51 year-old female patient who had closed mitral valvulotomy on 1977 was reevaluated for complaints of shortness of breath and palpitations and comfirmed to have severe mitral stenosis with echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization studies. Her routine blood tests revealed a thrombocyte count over 1 billion/mm3. Myeloproliferative disease and malignancy were eliminated with hemato-pathological studies and she received the diagnosis of essential thrombocytosis. Patient received hydroxyurea and antiagregant treatment preoperatively and her thrombocyte count was lowered to 200.000 /mm3 and then she had mitral valve replacement with St Jude mechanical prosthesis. Patient had no postoperative problems and was discharged with anticoagulant and antiagregant therapy but at 1 month postoperative control she had elevated platelet counts and antiplatelet therapy was added to her drug regiment.

We could identify only one other case of essential thrombocytosis receiving mechanical mitral valve. This is the second such case in the literature to our knowledge. Patient has no hemodynamic problems and is followed with anticoagulant therapy and close monitoring of her platelet count.

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