Methods: We operated on 5 patients with patent ductus arteriosus with deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest between 1993 and 2003. All of the patients were female and their ages were between 9 and 51. The mean shunt ratio was 2.7 ± 0.45 and mean systolic pulmonary arterial pressure was 59 ± 17.46 mmHg. In three of the patients the ductus was wide and thick, it was aneurysmatic in one and calcified in the other. All of the patients were operated under cardiopulmonary bypass and were cooled down to an average temperature of 21.6 ± 2.07 °C. The mean total circulatory arrest time was 14.4 ± 9.66 minutes (range 3-25). In two patients, the ductus was closed with a transpulmonary approach while in one patient a transaortic approach was used. All sutures were consolidated with pledgets. In one patient the transfixation was performed without pulmonary arteriotomy using three pledgetted sutures placed externally. In the last one patient, the repair was achieved by division. In addition to patent ductus arteriosus correction, concomitant procedures were subaortic discrete membrane resection, aortic valve replacement in two patients. In one patient, right ventricular outflow tract was enlarged with a transannular patch and foramen ovale was closed.
Results: There was no early or late mortality. In two patients inotropic support was needed during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. No complications were seen related to the procedure itself. The mean follow up was 31.8 ± 39.97 months. No recanalisation was detected with the postoperative echocardiographic assessment.
Conclusions: Hypothermic total circulatory arrest can be used safely during the repair of complicated patent ductus arteriosus without exposing the patient to additional risks.
Cerrahi Teknik
Hastaların hepsinde medyan sternotomi sonrası perikard longitudinal olarak açıldıktan sonra PDA eksplore edildi. Asandan aortadan arteriyel ve sağ atriyumdan bikaval venöz kanülasyon uygulandı. Sağ üst pulmoner venden vent kanülü yerleştirildi. Kardiyak koruma aort yetmezliği olan bir vakada retrograd izotermik kan kardiyoplejisi, diğer dört vakada ise antegrad izotermik kan kardiyoplejisi ile sağlandı. Kardiyopulmoner bypassa girer girmez sağ kalbin distansiyonunu önlemek amacıyla duktusun pulmoner tarafındaki orifisi parmakla kapatılarak soğumaya başlandı. Kalbin spontan fibrillasyonuna izin verildi. Fibrillasyondan sonra kros klemp konarak 10 mL/kg kardiyopleji verildi. Hastalar ortalama 21.6 ± 2.07°Cye kadar soğutuldu. Ardından ekstrakorporeal dolaşım durduruldu. İki hastada PDAya pulmoner arteriyotomi yapılarak, bir hastada ise aortotomi yapılarak ulaşıldı. Bu üç hastada PDA 3-5 adet tek tek pledget destekli 4/0 prolen sütür ile kapatıldı. Bir hastada ise pulmoner arter açılmadan dışardan üç adet pledget destekli 4/0 prolen sütür ile transfiksiyon, geriye kalan bir hastada ise divizyon yapıldı. Patent duktus arteriosus pulmoner arter içinden kapatılan vakalarda en son dikiş bağlanmadan hasta Trendelenburg pozisyona alınarak aort tarafında hava kalmayacak şekilde yavaş yavaş tekrar perfüzyona geçilerek dikişler bağlandı. Kros klemp konarak hasta 28°Cye kadar ısıtıldı. Bu ıstma periyodunda ek prosedürler tamamlandı. İki hastada subaortik diskret membran rezeksiyonu, birinde aort kapak replasmanı yapıldı. Bir hastada ise PFO onarımı ve sağ ventrikül çıkış yolunun transannuler yama ile genişletilmesi yapıldı. Ardından tekrar ısınmaya geçilerek standart olarak hava tahliyesi yapılarak KPBden çıkıldı.
Bizce özellikle yaşlı, PDAsı kalın-kısa, anevrizmatik, kalsifik olan veya üst sınırda pulmoner hipertansiyon gelişmiş hastalarda ve diğer ek patolojilerin eşlik ettiği vakalarda DHTSA ile hastaya ek bir risk getirmeden kısa sürede ve güvenle PDA kapatılabilir.
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