ISSN : 1301-5680
e-ISSN : 2149-8156
Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery     
Mid-term results of surgical interventions of high-grade vena cava tumor thrombus
Mehmet Emir Erol1, Fatih Öztürk1, Koray Ak1, İlker Tinay2, Sinan Arsan1
1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
2Department of Urology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
DOI : 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2022.23225
Background: This study aims to investigate whether the coexistence of advanced renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus could be treated with a multidisciplinary approach and teamwork and to evaluate early and mid-term results.

Methods: Between January 2017 and December 2020, a total of 33 patients (28 males, 5 females; mean age: 55.8±13.2 years; range, 27 to 76 years) who underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy of the inferior vena cava were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics of the patients, types of operations, postoperative data, mortality and morbidity rates were recorded.

Results: Of the patients, 12% (n=4) had Stage 2 tumor thrombus, 60.6% (n=20) had Stage 3 tumor thrombus, and 27% (n=9) had Stage 4 tumor thrombus. A total of 55% (n=19) of the patients had right-sided renal cell carcinoma, while 45% (n=14) of them had a left-sided mass. Totally, 66% (n=22) of the patients underwent primary inferior vena cava repair. The thrombectomy procedure and a Dacron® patch was applied with patch plasty in 24% (n=8) of the patients, and Dacron® graft interposition was applied to the inferior vena cava in 9% (n=3) of the patients. The mean follow-up was 20.3±13.0 (range, 2 to 70) months. Deep vein thrombosis was detected in the follow-up of seven (21%) patients, and no pulmonary thromboembolism was observed during the postoperative follow-up period. The mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 1.39±0.6 (range, 1 to 3) days. The 30-day mortality rate was 3%, due to the loss of one patient from massive pulmonary embolism intraoperatively.

Conclusion: Vascular surgical procedures performed regardless of the stage of the tumor thrombus provide satisfactory mid-term results in patients with advanced renal cell cancer.

Keywords : Cardiopulmonary bypass, renal cell carcinoma, thromboendarterectomy, vena cava
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