Methods: From March 2001 to January 2003, 37 consecutive patients underwent simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization in our center. Mean age of the patients was 69.1 ±8.8 years, and 28 patients were 65 years old or older. There were 30 men and seven women. Fourtyfive point nine percent of patients were neurologically symptomatic and 40.5% had bilateral carotid stenosis. The indication for carotid endarterectomy was lumen diameter reduction of more than 70%, thrombogenic endovascular morphology or both. Carotid endarterectomy was performed in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass on the beating heart with moderate hypothermia, hemodulition and systemic heparinization for additional cerebral protection.
Results: Two (5.4%) patients died in postoperative early period. One of these patients died due to multiorgan failure following stroke and low cardiac output, other by reason of complications of pulmonary following stroke. There were four perioperative neurologic complications. Two (5.4%) of these patients have developed permanent deficit and died in postoperative early period. Others have recovered completely. There was one (2.7%) perioperative myocardiyal infarction. Thirty-five patients were alive in during study and traced for a mean follow-up of 9.6 months; total follow-up time is 358 patient-months. There were no neurological or cardiac problem.
Conclusions: We believe that simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity.
Tablo 1. Demografik ve klinik özellikler.
Tablo 2. Koroner anjiyografi ve karotis doppler sonografi verileri.
Cerrahi Teknik
Hastaların tümünde medyan sternotomi yapılmadan önce, ilgili taraf karotis arter ve dalları eksplore edilerek askıya alındı. Standart kanülasyonu takiben kardiyopulmoner bypassa gaçilerek orta derecede hipotermi sağlandı (yaklaşık 30°C). Hemodilüsyon ile hematokrit değeri %20 ile %25 arasında tutuldu. Kalp çalışırken KEA yapıldı ve endarterektomize internal karotis çapı 5 mm ve üstünde olanlarda arteriyotomi primer, diğerlerinde safen veya dacron patch ile kapatıldı. Hiçbir hastada intraluminal şant kullanılmadı. Daha sonra kros klemp kondu ve antegrad izotermik kan kardiyoplejisi ile diyastolik arrest sağlanarak distal koroner anastomozlar yapıldı. Proksimal anastomozlar side klempte yapıldı. Kardiyopulmoner bypassdan çıkıldıktan ve protamin verildikten sonra, hastaların boyun insizyonları kapatıldı. Hastalarla ilgili operatif veriler Tablo 3de gösterilmiştir.
İstatiksel Analiz
Hastalarla ilgili veriler dosya kayıtlarından, poliklinik kontrollerinden ve telefon görüşmelerinden sağlandı. İstatistiksel analiz SPSS 10.0 yazılım programı kullanılarak yapıldı ve p değerinin 0.05den küçük olması anlamlı kabul edildi. İlk otuz gün içerisinde olan mortalite ve strok erken mortalite ve strok olarak kabul edildi. Sürvi analizi için Kaplan-Meier testi, postoperatif erken dönemde meydana gelen mortalite, nörolojik olay ve miyokard infarktüsü için lojistic regresyon testleri kullanıldı.
Tablo 4. Postoperatif komplikasyonlar.
Tablo 5. Aynı seansta yapılan KEA+CABG ile ilgili birkaç literatür sonuçları.
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