Videothoracoscopy which was introduced to chest surgery in the 1990s has expanded its place with growing number of operations and varying applications in different clinics. Today, videothoracoscopy procedures comprise 30% of total operations in chest surgery clinics practising modern chest surgery. Thanks to its advantages such as decreased postoperative hospital stay and morbidity, and a higher patient willingness to accept surgery, this technique has become popular with changing and developing indications. This review evaluated the evolvement of videothoracoscopy applications and its indications after 1990s.